Abstract
Hayek’s references to Hume and Kant helps him to locate his liberalism and anti-constructivism above the simple level of sociology. But Darwin’s naturalism and the notion of spontaneous order hinder him from being inspired by their philosophy of history. In other words, Hayek’s references can only be understood by interpreting Kant in Hume’s Line, Hume in Darwin’s Line –but Darwin’s naturalism prevents from understanding Hume’s & Kant’s philosophy of history and contradicts Hayek’s promissing philosophy of economic action.