Abstract
“The measure is excellent” and “nothing too much” are some of the sentences attributed to the Seven Sages of Greek Antiquity. They speak of a wisdom that blames excess and appeals to moderation. Echoes of these words will be heard in different periods of antiquity and from authors of the most varied traditions, including Democritus. We count on several fragments that attest, on the one hand, to his condemnation of excess and a critical reflection on wealth, and on the other hand, to his praise of moderation and balance as a condition of well-being and good action. “The right proportion is beautiful in all things” (DK 68 B 102), Democritus says. This fair proportion is set up as a condition for waiting for “good mood” (euthymiê) and “well-being” (euestô). Democritus’ reflection is based on a sort of economic principle which is expressed by the notion of “measure” (metriotês). The ability to be moderate is also the distinctive sign of the well-accomplished human being (DK 68 B 70) and opposes the various forms of avidity. When we examine the fragments that deal with the theme, we see that the philosopher has drawn up an inventory that considers the most different areas of life. The issue is not only about measurement in the context of affections such as pleasure and desire, but also about the satisfaction of our basic needs. This is also tied up with of our attitude towards material goods and wealth. In our text we have chosen to pay attention to the philosopher’s reflection on wealth and material goods, considering, more particularly, his questioning of desire in the economy of human life.